Pesquisadores capturam prótons no ato de dissociação com ‘câmera eletrônica’ ultrarrápida
Os cientistas detectaram átomos de hidrogénio em movimento rápido – as chaves para inúmeras reações biológicas e químicas – em ação.
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)
A irradiação de amônia – que é composta de um nitrogênio e três hidrogênios – com luz ultravioleta faz com que um hidrogênio se dissocie da amônia. Os pesquisadores do SLAC usaram uma “câmera eletrônica” ultrarrápida para observar exatamente o que o hidrogênio estava fazendo ao se dissociar. A técnica foi proposta, mas nunca provou funcionar, até agora. No futuro, os pesquisadores poderão usar a técnica para estudar as transferências de hidrogênio – reações químicas críticas que impulsionam muitos processos biológicos. Crédito: Nanna H. List/KTH Royal Institute of Technology
Os cientistas detectaram átomos de hidrogénio em movimento rápido – as chaves para inúmeras reações biológicas e químicas – em ação.
Uma equipe liderada por pesquisadores do Laboratório Nacional de Aceleradores SLAC do Departamento de Energia e da Universidade de Stanford usou difração de elétrons ultrarrápida (UED) para registrar o movimento dos átomos de hidrogênio dentro das moléculas de amônia. Outros teorizaram que poderiam rastrear átomos de hidrogênio com difração de elétrons, mas até agora ninguém havia feito o experimento com sucesso.
Os resultados, publicados na Physical Review Letters , aproveitam a força dos elétrons Megaelétron-volt (MeV) de alta energia para estudar átomos de hidrogênio e transferências de prótons, nas quais o próton singular que constitui o núcleo de um átomo de hidrogênio se move de uma molécula para outra.
As transferências de prótons impulsionam inúmeras reações na biologia e na química – pense nas enzimas, que ajudam a catalisar reações bioquímicas , e nas bombas de prótons, que são essenciais para as mitocôndrias, as potências das células – por isso seria útil saber exatamente como sua estrutura evolui durante essas reações. Mas as transferências de prótons acontecem super-rápidas – em alguns femtossegundos, um milionésimo de um bilionésimo de segundo. É um desafio capturá-los em ação.
Uma possibilidade é disparar raios X contra uma molécula e depois usar os raios X dispersos para aprender sobre a estrutura da molécula à medida que ela evolui. Infelizmente, os raios X interagem apenas com os elétrons – não com os núcleos atômicos – portanto, não é o método mais sensível.
Para obter as respostas que procuravam, uma equipe liderada pelo cientista do SLAC, Thomas Wolf, colocou a MeV-UED, a câmera ultrarrápida de difração de elétrons do SLAC , para funcionar. Eles usaram amônia em fase gasosa, que possui três átomos de hidrogênio ligados a um átomo de nitrogênio . A equipe atingiu a amônia com luz ultravioleta , dissociando ou quebrando uma das ligações hidrogênio-nitrogênio, depois disparou um feixe de elétrons através dela e capturou os elétrons difratados.
Eles não apenas captaram sinais da separação do hidrogênio do núcleo de nitrogênio, mas também captaram a mudança associada na estrutura da molécula. Além do mais, os elétrons espalhados dispararam em ângulos diferentes, para que pudessem separar os dois sinais.
“Ter algo que seja sensível aos elétrons e algo que seja sensível aos núcleos no mesmo experimento é extremamente útil”, disse Wolf. "Se pudermos ver o que acontece primeiro quando um átomo se dissocia - se os núcleos ou os elétrons fazem o primeiro movimento para se separar - podemos responder a perguntas sobre como acontecem as reações de dissociação."
Com essa informação, os cientistas poderiam aproximar-se do indescritível mecanismo de transferência de prótons, o que poderia ajudar a responder a inúmeras questões em química e biologia. Saber o que os prótons estão fazendo pode ter implicações importantes na biologia estrutural, onde métodos tradicionais como a cristalografia de raios X e a microscopia crioeletrônica têm dificuldade em “ver” os prótons.
No futuro, o grupo fará o mesmo experimento usando raios X no laser de raios X do SLAC, o Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), para ver quão diferentes são os resultados. Eles também esperam aumentar a intensidade do feixe de elétrons e melhorar a resolução temporal do experimento para que possam realmente resolver etapas individuais da dissociação de prótons ao longo do tempo.
Mais informações: Elio G. Champenois et al, Femtosecond Electronic and Hydrogen Structural Dynamics in Ammonia Imaged with Ultrafast Electron Diffraction, Physical Review Letters (2023). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.143001
Informações do periódico: Cartas de Revisão Física